Abstract

The article presents new evidence from the excavations in Malisina Stijena rock shelter located in the north of the Republic of Montenegro. Excavation in 2021 over the area of 2 х 3 m was made at the drip line in the eastern part of the rock shelter. Deposits up to 2 m thick were exposed. Lithological layers A1-A4, B1, B2, C, and D were identified in the section. Archaeological evidence occurred in most units with the exception of layers A3 and D. Primary reduction in layers C and B was aimed at producing flakes, less frequently, blades following the radial, Levallois, and parallel primary reduction techniques. The toolkit combined typical Middle Paleolithic varieties, such as Mousterian points, Levallois points, and side-scrapers of various types, with the objects typical of the Upper Paleolithic, such as end-scrapers, piercing tools, as well as chisel-like and truncated-faceted tools. Faunal remains testify to hunting large herbivores, such as bison, red deer, and mountain goat. Bones of a hare and large birds were also discovered. Local raw materials from the gravel of the Cehotina River were used for tool production. The closest cultural and chronological parallels to these industries can be found in the complexes of the Final Middle Paleolithic from the sites of Bioce and Crvena Stijena in Central Montenegro. Lithic industry from layer A was distinguished by well-developed small and micro-laminar technique. The toolkit contained the varieties typical of the Final Upper Paleolithic, including backed microblades, microliths, gravettoid points, and small end-scrapers. There is evidence of systematic fishing and hunting birds and small mammals.

Keywords

Montenegro, Malisina Stijena, rock shelter, Pleistocene, Paleolithic, lithic industry

Shunkov M.V.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1388-2308

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Anoykin А.А.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-2259

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Kozlikin M.B.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5082-3345

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Bulatovich L.

Museum and galleries of Podgorica, Montenegro

Derevianko A.P.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-8331

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

References

Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V., Bulatovic L., Pavlenok K.K., Ulyanov V.A., Kozlikin M.B., Kandyba A.V. New Findings on the Middle Paleolithic of the Eastern Adriatic: The Earliest Settlement at Bioce, Montenegro. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, 2017. Vol. 45, no. 1. P. 3-14. doi:10.17746/1563-0102.2017.45.1.003-014.

Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V., Bulatovich L., Anoikin A.A., Pavlenok K.K., Kozlikin M.B., Ulianov V.I., Medenica I. Recent data on the lithic industry from the rock shelter of Malisina Stijena in Montenegro (based on the results from the 2017 study). In Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories. Novosibirsk: IAET SB RAS Publ., 2017. Vol. XXIII. P. 98-102. (In Russ.).

Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V., Bulatovich L., Anoikin A.A., Ulianov V.I., Kozlikin M.B., Medenica I. New Results of Research at the Malisina Stijena Rock Shelter in Montenegro. In Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories. Novosibirsk: IAET SB RAS Publ., 2019. Vol. XXV. P. 95102. (In Russ.). doi:10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.095-102.

Radovanovic I. Novija istrazivanja paleolita i mezolita u Cmoj Gori. Glasnik Srpskog arheoloskog drustva, 1986, no. 3. P. 63-77. (In Serb.).

Shunkov M.V., Anoikin A.A., Kozlikin M.B., Bulatovich L., Derevianko A.P. 2020 Excavations at the Paleolithic Site Malisina Stijena in Montenegro. In Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories. Novosibirsk: IAET SB RAS Publ., 2020. Vol. XXVI. P. 316-321. (In Russ.). doi:10.17746/2658-6193.2020.26.

Whallon R. (ed.). Crvena Stijena in cultural and ecological context: multidisciplinary archaeological research in Montenegro. Podgorica: National Museum of Montenegro of MASA Publ., 2017, 463 p.

Список литературы

Деревянко А.П., Шуньков М.В., Булатович Л., Анойкин А.А., Павленок К.К., Козликин М.Б., Ульянов В.И., Меденица И. Новые данные по каменной индустрии скального навеса Малишина Стена в Черногории (по результатам работ в 2017 году) // Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий. - Новосибирск: Изд-во ИАЭТ СО РАН, 2017. - Т. XXIII. - С. 98-102.

Деревянко А.П., Шуньков М.В., Булатович Л., Анойкин А. А., Ульянов В.А., Козликин М.Б., Меденица И. Новые результаты исследования скального навеса Малишина Стена в Черногории // Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий. - Новосибирск: Изд-во ИАЭТ СО РАН, 2019. -Т. XXV. - С. 95-102.

Шуньков М.В., Анойкин А.А., Козликин М.Б., Булатович Л., Деревянко А.П. Раскопки палеолитической стоянки Малишина Стена в Черногории в 2020 году // Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий. - Новосибирск: Изд-во ИАЭТ СО РАН, 2020. - Т. XXVI. - С. 316-321.

Crvena Stijena in cultural and ecological context: multidisciplinary archaeological research in Montenegro (Ed. by R. Whallon). - Podgorica: National Museum of Montenegro of MASA Publ., 2017. - 463 p.

Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V., Bulatovic L., Pavlenok K.K., Ulyanov V.A., Kozlikin M.B., Kandyba A.V. New Findings on the Middle Paleolithic of the Eastern Adriatic: The Earliest Settlement at Bioce, Montenegro // Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia. - 2017. - Vol. 45, No. 1. - pp. 3-14.

Radovanovic I. Novija istrazivanja paleolita i mezolita u Cmoj Gori // Glasnik Srpskog arheoloskog drustva. - 1986. -No. 3. - pp. 63-77.