Abstract
In 2021, the team of Federal Research Center of the Institute of Coal and Coal Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences undertook rescue excavations on Sagaiskaya protoka-4 kurgan burial ground (the Askiz district, the Republic of Khakassia). The article presents the summarized results of cultural and chronological attribution of the researched burial assemblages of this burial ground. The early period of this necropolis is connected to the Chernovaya stage of the Okunev culture (22nd—20th centuries BC). The fence with diagonal lines of stones (kurgan 1) with six studied tombs in stone boxes is attributed to that period. The grave goods of Okunev burial grounds are objects made of bone, ceramic pots and miniature stone ball. The second stage of the burial ground is connected to the Late Bronze Age (kurgan 2). Lugavskiy assemblage (10th —9th centuries BC) related to the earliest stage of the kurgan construction is presented by the findings from the central ruined burial (bronze knife, ring) and untouched child’s tomb (ceramic pot, a set of small pieces of bronze jewelry). The Bainov assemblage of the burial complex (late 9th — early 8th centuries BC), found in the lateral annex fence contained a flat bottomed ceramic pot with a typical ornaments. The third period in the history of the burial ground is connected to the Bidzha population group of the early Tagar culture (late 8th — 6th centuries BC). At that time, the Bronze Age kurgans’ fences were rebuilt in order to make new tombs, and a separate Bidzha complex (kurgan 3) is erected nearby. All the burials of that period have grave inventory of the same type: jar-like vessels with narrow flutings, “glasses”, bone arrowheads, anklets, unknown purpose objects. The unusual feature of the studied part of Sagayskaya protoka-4 burial complex are numerous pits near all fences, in some cases containing archaeological material (animal bones, small fragments of ceramics, stone objects, sandstone slabs). These are the first objects of such a type found in the Tagar kurgans.
Keywords
Republic of Khakassia, Askiz district, resque excavation, kurgan, burial ground, Okunev culture, Late Bronze Age, Tagar culture
German P. V.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8123-6992
Institute for Human Ecology of the Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry
Leontiev S.N.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6231-4043
Institute for Human Ecology of the Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry
Ivaschenko S.N.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-2502
Dostoevsky Omsk State University
Kalinskaya A.V.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-5111
Institute for Human Ecology of the Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry
Egorchenko S.E.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-857X
Institute for Human Ecology of the Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry
Valkov I.A.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-5542
Institute for Human Ecology of the Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry
Kovzunova P.V.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7312-7817
Institute for Human Ecology of the Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry
Gorlishkin N.E.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1710-2877
Institute for Human Ecology of the Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry
Timoshchenko A.A.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-0841
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
References
German P.V. K probleme periodizatsii tagarskoi kul’tury: etap i tip. In Trudy V (XXI) Vserossiiskogo arkheologicheskogo s’ezda v Barnaule—Belokurikhe. Barnaul: Altai State Univ. Press., 2017. Vol. II. P. 19-25. (In Russ.).
Kuzmin N.Yu. On the reliability of radiocarbon dating of burial sites of the Tagar culture. Camera praehistorica, 2020, no. 2 (5). P. 100-121. (In Russ.). https://doi. org/10.31250/2658-3828-2020-2-100-121
Lazaretov I.P. Zaklyuchitel’nyi etap epokhi bronzy na Srednem Enisee: cand. sc. (history) dissertation. St. Petersburg, 2006, 267 p. (In Russ.).
Lazaretov I.P. Radiouglerodnye daty epokhi pozdnei bronzy Srednego Eniseya i problema metoda. In Drevnie i srednevekovye kochevniki Tsentral’noi Azii: sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Barnaul: Azbuka, 2008. P. 186-189. (In Russ.).
Lazaretov I.P. Chronology and periodization of the okunevo culture: current state and prospects. Theory and practice of archaeological research, 2019. Vol. 28, no. 4. P. 15-50. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14258/ tpai(2019)4(28).-02
Polyakov A.V. Ob’ekty za predelami ograd kurganov okunevskoi kul’tury. In Trudy IV (XX) Vserossiiskogo arkheologicheskogo s’ezda v Kazani. Vol. I. Kazan’: Otechestvo, 2014. P. 478-471. (In Russ.).
Polyakov A.V. Radiocarbon dates of the okunev culture. Transactions of the IHMCRAS, 2017. no. 16. P. 5274. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/ elibrary_30716066_93990151.pdf
Список литературы
Герман П.В. К проблеме периодизации тагарской культуры: этап и тип // Труды V (XXI) Всероссийского археологического съезда в Барнауле - Белокурихе. - Барнаул: Изд-во Алт. ун-та, 2017. - Т. II. - С. 19-25.
Кузьмин Н.Ю. О достоверности радиоуглеродного датирования погребальных памятников тагарской культуры // Camera praehistorica. - 2020. - № 2 (5). - С. 100-121.
Лазаретов И.П. Заключительный этап эпохи бронзы на Среднем Енисее: дис. ... канд. ист. наук. - СПб., 2006. - 267 с.
Лазаретов И.П. Радиоуглеродные даты эпохи поздней бронзы Среднего Енисея и проблема метода // Древние и средневековые кочевники Центральной Азии: сборник научных трудов - Барнаул: Азбука, 2008. -С. 186-189.
Лазаретов И.П. Хронология и периодизация оку-невской культуры: современное состояние и перспективы // Теория и практика археологических исследований. - 2019. - Т. 28, № 4. - С. 15-50.
Поляков А.В. Объекты за пределами оград курганов окуневской культуры // Труды IV (XX) Всероссийского археологического съезда в Казани. - Том I. - Казань: Отечество, 2014. - С. 478-471.
Поляков А.В. Радиоуглеродные даты окуневской культуры // Записки ИИМК РАН. - 2017. - № 16. - С. 52-74.