Abstract
With the development of new technologies, several conceptually new methodological developments have appeared in the modern dendrochronology, including the study of samples using the so-called “non-invasive methods.” This article details the history of the use of high-resolution macrophotography and computed tomography for studying wooden samples, which, due to their high historical, cultural, and material value, cannot be studied using traditional methods. Moreover, based on the results of foreign and Russian experiments on the use of these technologies in dendrochronology, we have made an attempt to highlight main problems and limitations of the methods, as well as to analyze their prospects both for archeology and other disciplines. A conclusion was made that, since 2007, when the first attempts to use X-ray CTs to measure the width of tree growth rings were made, the success in the use of this technology has become evident. Despite several unsuccessful experiments, the large majority of the researchers note high efficiency of the method, as well as its high potential for further research. As for macrophotography, with the emergence of special software in the early 2010s, which could make it possible to study samples not only in the field, but also remotely, this method also proved to be highly effective. Its main advantage is in its relatively low cost, as well as the ability, when necessary, to re-examine the sample at any point. The emergence and active implementation of non-invasive methods in dendrochronology can significantly increase the source base available to the researchers, adding to it a large number of archaeological artifacts, works of art, as well as antiquities and much more.
Keywords
archeology, dendrochronology, non-invasive methods, X-ray CT, high-resolution macrophotography
References
Bernabei M., Bontadi J., Rossi Rognoni G. A dendrochronological investigation of stringed instruments from the collection of the Cherubini Conservatoryin Florence, Italy. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2010. Vol. 37. P. 192-200. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.031.
Bill J., Daly A., Johnsen O., Dalen K. DendroCT -Dendrochronology without damage. Dendrochronologia, 2012, vol. 30, iss. 3, pp. 223-230. doi:10.1016/j. dendro.2011.11.002.
Creasman P.P. Basic principles and methods of dendrochronological specimen curation. Tree-Ring Research, 2011. Vol. 67, iss. 2. P. 103-115. doi:10.3959/2011-2.1.
CooRecorder basics. In Cybis Elektronik & Data AB. URL: https://www.cybis.se/forfun/dendro/helpcoorecorder7/ (Accessed: 05.09.2021)
Dreossi D., Favretto S., Fioravanti M., Mancini L., Rigon L., Sodini N., Tromba G., Zanini F. Synchrotron radiation micro-tomography: a non-invasive tool for the characterization of archaeological wood. Wood Science for Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Firenze Univ. Press, 2009. P. 34-39.
Fletcher J.M. Tree-ring chronologies for the 6th to 16th centuries for oaks of southern and eastern England. Journal of Archaeological Science, 1977. Vol. 4, iss. 4. P. 335-352. doi:10.1016/0305-4403(77)90028-0.
Goldberg Ye.L., Kuper K.E., Slyusarenko I.Yu. Predvaritelnyye rezultaty ispolzovniya metoda vychislitelnoy rentgenovskoy tomografii dlya analiza arkheologicheskikh derevyannykh izdeliy. In Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories, vol. XXVI. Novosibirsk: IAET SB RAS, 2010. P. 176-180 (In Russ.).
Grabner M., Salaberger D., Okochi T. The need of high resolution ц-X-ray CT in dendrochronology and in wood identification. Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, Salzburg, 2009. P. 349-352. doi:10.1109/ISPA.2009.5297695.
Heginbotham A., Pousset D. The Practical Application of Dendrochronology to Furniture: The Case of the J. Paul Getty Museum’s Renaissance Burgundian Cabinet. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 2006. Vol. 45, iss. 2. P. 89. doi: 0.1179/019713606806112522
Jansma E., Hanraets E., Vernimmet T. Tree-ring research on Dutch and Flemish art and furniture. Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology,2004. Vol. 2. P. 139-146.
Kuniholm P.I. Archaeological dendrochronology. Dendrochronologia, 2002. Vol. 20, iss. 1-2. P. 63-68. doi:10.1078/1125-7865-00008.
Matskovsky V., Dolgikh A., Voronin K. Combined dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating of three Russian icons from the 15th-17th century. Dendrochronologia, 2016. Vol. 39. P. 60-68. doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2015.10.002
Okochi T., Fujii H., Mitsutani T. Nondestructive tree-ring measurements for Japanese oak and Japanese beech using micro-focus X-ray computed tomography. Dendrochronologia, 2007. Vol. 24, iss. 2-3. P. 155-164. doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2006.10.010.
Polosmak N.V. «Steregushchiye zoloto grify». Novosibirsk: Siberian Branch Nauka, 1994, 125 p (In Russ.).
Preuss P., Christensen K., Peters K. The use of computer-tomographical X-ray scanning in dendrochronology. Norwegian Archaeological Review, 1991. Vol. 24. P. 123-130.
Reimers P., Riederer J., Goebbels J., Kettschau A. Dendrochronology by means of X-ray computed tomography (CT). Archaeometry: Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium, Elsevier Science, 1989. P. 121-125.
Rodriguez-Trobajo E., Dommguez-Delmas M. Swedish oak, planks and panels: dendroarchaeological investigations on the 16th century Evangelistas altarpiece at Seville Cathedral (Spain). Journal of Archaeological Science, 2015. Vol. 54, iss. 1-2. P. 148-161. doi:10.1016/j. jas. 2014.11.039
Streeton N.L.W. Project description: After the Black Death: Painting and Polychrome Sculpture in Norway. Norwegian Research Council, Oslo, 2013. P. 1350-1550.
Список литературы
Гольдберг Е.Л., Купер К.Э., Слюсаренко И.Ю. Предварительные результаты использовния метода вычислительной рентгеновской томографии для анализа археологических деревянных изделий // Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий. - Новосибирск: Изд-во ИАЭТ СО РАН, 2010. - Т. XVI.- С. 176-180.
Полосьмак Н.В. «Стерегущие золото грифы». - Новосибирск: ВО «Наука», 1994. - 125 с.
Bernabei M., Bontadi J., Rossi Rognoni G. A dendrochronological investigation of stringed instruments from the collection of the Cherubini Conservatoryin Florence, Italy // Journal of Archaeological Science. - 2010. -Vol. 37. - P. 192-200. - doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.031.
Bill J., Daly A., Johnsen O., Dalen K. DendroCT - Dendrochronology without damage // Dendrochronologia. - 2012. - Vol. 30, iss. 3. - P. 223-230. -doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2011.11.002.
Creasman P.P . Basic principles and methods of dendrochronological specimen curation // Tree-Ring Research. - 2011. - Vol. 67, iss. 2. - P 103-115. - doi:10.3959/2011-2.1
CooRecorder basics [Электронный ресурс] // Cybis Elektronik & Data AB. - URL:https://www.cybis.se/forfun/ dendro/helpcoorecorder7/ (дата обращения 05.09.2021).
Dreossi D., Favretto S., Fioravanti M., Mancini L., Rigon L., Sodini N., Tromba G., Zanini F. Synchrotron radiation micro-tomography: a non-invasive tool for the characterization of archaeological wood // Wood Science for Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Firenze University Press. - 2009. - P. 34-39.
Fletcher J.M. Tree-ring chronologies for the 6th to 16th centuries for oaks of southern and eastern England // Journal of Archaeological Science - 1977. - Vol. 4, iss. 4. - P. 335352. - doi:10.1016/0305-4403(77)90028-0.
Grabner M., Salaberger D., Okochi T. The need of high resolution p-X-ray CT in dendrochronology and in wood identification // Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis. -2009. - P. 349-352. - doi:10.1109/ISPA.2009.5297695.
Heginbotham A., Pousset D. The Practical Application of Dendrochronology to Furniture: The Case of the J. Paul Getty Museum’s Renaissance Burgundian Cabinet // Journal of the American Institute for Conservation. - 2006. - Vol. 45, iss. 2. - P. 89. - doi:10.1179/019713606806112522.
Jansma E., Hanraets E., Vernimmet T. Tree-ring research on Dutch and Flemish art and furniture // Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology. - 2004. -Vol. 2. - P. 139-146.
Kuniholm P.I. Archaeological dendrochronology // Dendrochronologia. - 2002. - Vol. 20, iss. 1-2. - P. 63-68. -doi:10.1078/1125-7865-00008
Matskovsky V., Dolgikh A., Voronin K. Combined dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating of three Russian icons from the 15th-17th century // Dendrochronologia. - 2016. - Vol. 39. -P. 60-68. - doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2015.10.002.
Okochi T., Fujii H., Mitsutani T. Nondestructive tree-ring measurements for Japanese oak and Japanese beech using micro-focus X-ray computed tomography // Dendrochronologia. - 2007. - Vol. 24, iss. 2-3. - P. 155164. - doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2006.10.010.
Preuss P., Christensen K., Peters K. The use of computer-tomographical X-ray scanning in dendrochronology // Norwegian Archaeological Review. -1991. - Vol. 24. - P. 123-130.
Reimers P., Riederer J., Goebbels J., Kettschau A. Dendrochronology by means of X-ray computed tomography (CT) // Archaeometry: Proceedings of the 25 th International Symposium, Elsevier Science. - 1989. - P. 121-125.
Rodriguez-Trobajo E., Dommguez-Delmas M. Swedish oak, planks and panels: dendroarchaeological investigations on the 16 th century Evangelistas altarpiece at Seville Cathedral (Spain) // Journal of Archaeological Science. - 2015. - Vol. 54, iss. 1-2. - P. 148-161. -doi:10.1016/j.jas. 2014.11.039
Streeton N.L.W. Project description: After the Black Death: Painting and Polychrome Sculpture in Norway // Norwegian Research Council, Oslo. - 2013. -P. 1350-1550.