Abstract

This article presents the results of a new excavation stage by the French-Russian expedition at the Chez-Pinaud site (Jonzak, France). Layer 22 from the stratigraphic sequence of the site contains the Quina Mousterian complexes, dated to 70 kyr BP. The importance of research at that site results from unique preservation of the complex, where archaeological and paleontological assemblages have been found in undisturbed context. In 2019, one of the main research objectives was to conduct a detailed study of the spatial structure in the excavation area for reconstructing organization of space by the Neanderthals. For doing that, the protocol of field documentation involving the use of photogrammetry combined with tacheometry survey was followed. This protocol has proven to be effective, since a number of spatial observations concerning the location of archaeological artifacts and bone remains have been made during the study of 3D models. The second important area of research was attributive study of lithic assemblage using technological and typological patterns of the Quina Mousterian. It has been established that the lithic assemblage contained all typical elements of the Quina variant. The study of the proximal areas of technical spalls associated with the Quina side-scraper reduction sequence has revealed technological links between shaping side-scrapers and bone retouchers. The remains of reindeer (approximately 80%) were predominant in the paleontological complex; horse and bison bones have also been found. Continued research at the site will make it possible to reconstruct the behaviors and subsistence strategies of the Neanderthals in the harsh conditions of the MIS 4.

Keywords

Western Europe, Middle Paleolithic, Quina Mousterian, Neanderthals, photogrammetry

Rendu W.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-1276

University of Bordeaux, France

Shnaider S.V.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2230-4286

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Mokry A.

University of Bordeaux, France

Alisher kyzy S.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-0942

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Kolyasnikova Anastasiya S.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-3738

Novosibirsk State University

Kolobova K.A.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5757-3251

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

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Bordes F. Essai de classification des industries “mousteriennes” // Bull. de la Societe Prehistorique Franfaise. - 1953. - Vol. 50. - P. 457-466.

Bourguignon L. La conception de debitage Quina // Quaternaria Nova. - 1996. - Vol. 6. - P. 149-166.

Bourguignon L. Le Mousterien de type Quina: nouvelle definition d’une entite technique: These de Doctorat. - Univ. de Paris X - Nanterre, 1997. - 672 p.

Britton K., Grimes V., Niven L., Steele T.E., McPherron S., Soressi M., Kelly T.E., Jaubert J., Hublin J.-J., Richards M.P. Strontium isotope evidence for migration in late Pleistocene Rangifer: Implications for Neanderthal hunting strategies at the Middle Palaeolithic site of Jonzac, France // J. of human evolution. - 2011. -Vol. 61. - P. 176-185.

Delagnes A., Rendu W. Shifts in Neandertal mobility, technology and subsistence strategies in western France // J. of Archaeol. Sci. - 2011. - Vol. 38. - P. 1771-1783.

Dibble H.L. Interpreting typological variation of Middle Paleolithic scrapers: function, style, or sequence of reduction? // J. of Field Archaeol. - 1984. - Vol. 11. -P. 431-436.

Discamps E., Jaubert J., Bachellerie F. Human choices and environmental constraints: deciphering the variability of large game procurement from Mousterian to Aurignacian times (MIS 5-3) in southwestern France // Quaternary Science Reviews. - 2011. - Vol. 30, iss. 19-20. -P. 2755-2775.

Faivre J.-P., Discamps E., Gravina B., Turq A., Guadelli J.-L., Lenoir M. The contribution of lithic production systems to the interpretation of Mousterian industrial variability in south-western France: The example of Combe-Grenal (Dordogne, France) // Quaternary Intern. -2014. - Vol. 350. - P. 227-240.

Hiscock P., Turq A., Faivre J.-P., Bourguignon L. Quina procurement and tool production // Lithic Materials and Paleolithic Societies / eds. B. Adams, B.S. Blades. -Oxford: Blackwell Publ. Ltd. - 2009. - P. 232-246.

Jaubert J., Hublin J.-J., Mcpherron Sh. P., Soressi M., Bordes J.-G., Claud E., Cochard D., Delagnes A., Mallye J.-B., Michel A., Niclot M., Niven I., Park S.-J., Rendu W., Richards M., Richter D., Roussel M., Steele T. E., Texieret J.-P., Thiebaut C. Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien a Jonzac (Charente-Maritime): premiers resultats des campagnes 2004-2006 // Les societes Paleolithiques d’un grand Sud-Ouest: nouveaux gisements, nouvelles methodes, nouveaux resultats. - 2008. - P. 203-243.

Kuhn S. Roots of the Middle Paleolithic in Eurasia // Current Anthropol. - 2013. - Vol. 54, N S8. - P. 255-268.

Maureille B., Mann A., Beauval C., Bordes J.-G., Bourguignon L., Costamagno S., Couchoud I., Fauquignon J., Garralda M.-D., Geigl E.-M., Grun R., Guibert P., Lacrampe-Cuyaubert F., Laroulandie V., Marquet J.-C., Meignen L., Mussini C., Rendu W., Royer A., Seguin G., Texier J.-P. Les Pradelles a Marillac-le-Franc (Charente). Fouilles 2001-2007: nouveaux resultats et synthese // Prehistoire entre Vienne et Charente. Hommes et societes du Paleolithique. - Chauvigny: Association des publications chauvinoises. - 2010. - P. 145-162.

Mellars P.-A. Technological change in the Mousterian of southwest France // The Middle Paleolithic: Adaptation, Behavior, and Variability / eds. H.L. Dibble, P.A. Mellars. -Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania. - 1992. - P. 29-43.

Rendu W., Bourguignon L., Costamagno S., Meignen L., Soulier M.-C., Armand D., Beauval C., David F., Griggo C., Jaubert J., Maureille B., Park S.-J. Mousterian Hunting Camps: Interdisciplinary Approach and Methodological Considerations // Palethnologie. - 2011. -N 3. - P 61-76.

Richter D., Hublin J.-J., Jaubert J., McPherron S.P., Soressi M., Texier J.-P. Thermoluminescence dates for the Middle Palaeolithic site of Chez-Pinaud Jonzac (France) // J. of Archaeol. Sci. - 2013. - Vol. 40. - P 1176-1185.

Soressi P.M. L’industrie lithique des niveaux mousteriens (foullies 1998-1999) // Le sute Paleolithique de Chrez-Pinaud a Jonzac, Charente-Maritime. - Bordo: Siege Sosial, 2004. - P 79-98.

Soulier M.-C. Entre alimentaire et technique: l’exploitation animale aux debuts du paleolithique superieur: strategies de subsistance et chaines operatoires de traitement du gibier a Isturitz, La Quina aval, Roc-de-Combe et Les Abeilles: These de Doctorat. - Toulouse II, 2013. - 756 p.

Thiebaut C., Claud E., Mourre V., Chacon M.-G., Asselin G., Brenet M. , Paravel B. The Recycling and Reuse of Cores and Bifaces during the Middle Paleolithic in Western Europe: functional and cultural interpretations // Palethnologie. - 2010. - P 38.

Turq A. Le Mousterien de type Quina du Roc de Marsal a Campagne (Dordogne) // Document d’Archeologie Perigourdine (ADRAP). - 1988. - N 3. - P 5-30.

Turq A. Approche technologique et economique du facies Mousterien de type Quina: etude preliminaire // Bull. de la Societe Prehistorique Franfaise. - 1989. - Vol. 86. -P. 244-256.

Turq A. Raw material and technological studies of the Quina Mousterian in Perigord // The Middle Paleolithic: Adaptation, Behavior, and Variability. - Philadelphia: Univ. Museum; Univ. of Pennsylvania. - 1992. - P. 75-85.