Abstract

The article describes the results of survey works at the multi-layered Ushbulak site conducted by the East Kazakhstan Paleolithic Team in 2019. The main survey took place in units 1 and 2. Simultaneously, both banks of the Vostochnyi Stream were tested at the section of 150 m along the stream (test pits 6-12) starting from the source. Information on geomorphology, stratigraphy of the excavated locations, results of the technical and typological analysis of the archaeological evidence from test pits 6-9 together with their cultural and chronological interpretations are presented. During the excavation works, rare archaeological evidence has been found in all test pits except for test pits 10 and 12; numerous materials have been found in test pits 6 and 11. Test pit 6 yielded 472 artifacts. Geomorphological situation at the site and test pit stratigraphy suggest that archaeological evidence could have become mixed due to redeposition of levels 6 and 7 (according to the order in unit 2) by the water stream in the Holocene (?). At the same time, the complex of finds demonstrates homogeneity and correlates with the industry of the Initial Upper Paleolithic. Primary reduction was targeted on producing blade blanks following parallel volumetric bidirectional method. A core with narrow flaking surface for producing small blades and core-burins have also been found. Tool assemblage includes end-scrapers on blades, tool with retouching on its proximal part, and retouched blades. The results of the field survey in 2019 make it possible to confirm the earlier suggestion that the left and right banks of the Vostochnyi Stream in its upstream demonstrate different stratigraphy and different genesis of the deposits. The boundaries of rock outcrops which limited the site in the Pleistocene have been established; territory of the site has been delineated with more precision, and areas with the highest concentration of stratified archaeological materials with the Initial Upper Paleolithic association, promising for further excavation, have been identified.

Keywords

Kazakhstan, Upper Paleolithic, test pits, stratigraphy, lithic industry, blade production, toolkit

Anoykin А.А.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-2259

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Novosibirsk State University

Ulianov V.A.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-0399

M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Harevich V.M.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-6888

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Kandyba A.V.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-9121

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Pavlenok G.D.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3727-776X

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Bocharova E.N.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7961-0818

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Novosibirsk State University

Markovsky G.I.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-707X

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Gladyshev S.A.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-654X

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Taimagambetov Zh.K.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-0600

National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Iskakov G.T.

Kazakh State Museum of Azret Sultan

Duvanbekov R.S.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-8222

National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Shunkov M.V.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1388-2308

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

References

Anoikin A.A., Taimagambetov Zh.K., Kozlikin M.B., Ulyanov V.A., Markovskii G.I., Gladyshev S.A., Pavlenok G.D., Chekha A.M., Shalagina A.V., Shunkov M.V. The 2018 archaeological studies of Palaeolithic sites in the Shilikty basin. In Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories. Novosibirsk: IAET SB RAS Publ., 2018, vol. XXIV, pp. 13-17 (in Russ.).

Derevianko A.P., Shunkov M.V., Anoikin A.A., Taimagambetov Zh.K., Ulyanov V.A., Kharevich V.M., Kozlikin M.B., Markovskii G.I., Shalagina A.V., Pavlenok G.D., Gladyshev S.A., Chekha A.M., Iskakov G.T. The 2017 archaeological study in the Shilikty valley in the East Kazakhstan region. In Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories. Novosibirsk: IAET SB RAS Publ., 2017, vol. XXIII, pp. 93-98 (in Russ.).

Shunkov M., Anoikin A., Taimagambetov Z., Pavlenok K., Kharevich V., Kozlikin M., Pavlenok G. Ushbulak-1 site: new Initial Upper Paleolithic evidence from Central Asia. Antiquity Project Gallery, 2017, iss. 91 (360), pp. 1-7.

Shunkov M.V., Taimagambetov Zh.K., Anoikin A.A., Pavlenok K.K., Kharevich V.M., Kozlikin M.B., Pavlenok G.D. New multistratified Upper Paleolithic site Ushbulak-1 in Eastern Kazakhstan. In Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories. Novosibirsk: IAET SB RAS Publ., 2016, vol. XXII, pp. 208-213 (in Russ.).

Список литературы

Анойкин А. А., Таймагамбетов Ж .К., Козликин М.Б., Ульянов В.А., Марковский Г.И., Гладышев С.А., Павленок Г.Д., Чеха А.М., Шалагина А.В., Шуньков М.В. Исследования палеолитических объектов Шиликтинской котловины в 2018 году // Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий. - Новосибирск: Изд-во ИАЭТ СО РАН, 2018. - Т. XXIV. - С. 13-17.

Деревянко А.П., Шуньков М.В., Анойкин А.А., Таймагамбетов Ж.К., Ульянов В.А., Харевич В.М., Козликин М.Б., Марковский Г.И., Шалагина А. В., Павленок Г. Д., Гладышев С. А., Чеха А. М., Иска-ков Г. Т. Археологические работы в Шиликтинской долине на востоке Казахстана в 2017 году // Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий. - Новосибирск: Изд-во ИАЭТ СО РАН, 2017. - Т. XXIII, № 1. - С. 93-98.

Шуньков М. В., Таймагамбетов Ж.К., Анойкин А. А., Павленок К.К., Харевич В.М., Козликин М.Б., Павленок Г.Д. Новая многослойная верхнепалеолитическая стоянка Ушбулак-1 в Восточном Казахстане // Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий. - Новосибирск: Изд-во ИАЭТ СО РАН, 2016. - Т XXII. - С. 208-213.

Shunkov M., Anoikin A., Taimagambetov Z., Pavlenok K., Kharevich V., Kozlikin M., Pavlenok G. Ushbulak-1 site: new Initial Upper Paleolithic evidence from Central Asia // Antiquity Project Gallery. - 2017. - Iss. 91 (360). - P. 1-7.